BENGALURU–ORIGIN AND ITS GROWTH

BENGALURU–ORIGIN AND ITS GROWTH

BENGALURU – ORIGIN AND ITS GROWTH

Magadi Kempe Gowda founded this Bangalore City, during 1537, i.e., approximately around 480 years ago, but at that time itself, said Sri Kempe Gowda had a long vision on the growth of this City, as a result huge towers were built on all the four corners of the City. These towers are located at Mekhri Circle, Ulsoor Tank, Lalbagh (near Wilson Garden) and Gavipuram Guttahalli.  However, in the days to come, the City has over passed these limits long long ago, in its speedy growth on all directions.  This City due to its ever stopping growth was the Capital of the erstwhile ‘Mysore State’ and later on as the Capital of the ‘larger Karnataka state’.

During the 19^th Century, the Britishers established the Cantonment area of the City, as one of their ‘Army’ headquarters.  The City Municipality was constituted in 1862; while the City was upgraded to Corporation during 1949, vide Bangalore Muncipal Corporation Act, 1949.  Subsequently, the City Municipal Area and the Cantonment area were merged to firm a single local administration and accordingly the Bangalore City Corporation came into existence.

However, during the re-organisation of States in 1956, area of the State became double; and this factor contributed to the speedy growth of the City. The other factors responsible for the growth of the City can be attributed to its salubrious climate, good highways, railways and air connections, and existence of several public sector undertakings and heavy industries.Due existence of several large public sector undertakings, ancillary industries providing services to these heavy industries also came into existence.

During the period from 1901 to 2011, the population of Bangalore city increased from 2.28 lakhs (during 1901) to around 84.44 lakhs (as of 2011). The rate of growth of population in the city was about 77% between the period 1971 to 1981, which was the highest in South-East Asia. Taking into consideration the requirement, the Building regulations were liberalized by increasing the floor area ratio (F.A.R.) up to 3.50 in Bangalore City, resulting which many high rise buildings besides large number of apartments and commercial complexes came into existence in Bangalore city; and thus the Real Estate Industry has earned its own place in Bangalore with local and outside builders and developers settling in Bangalore.

Towards the step in right direction, and taking into consideration the need for a formal Planning authority, the City Improvement Trust Board (C.I.T.B.) was constituted in 1945 under the City of: Bangalore Improvement Trust Board Act, 1945. The Government Architect and later the Director of Town Planning were the members of the Board, who were the authorities for planning the extensions on a piece meal basis in between two built up areas or in continuation of an existing built up area.  The C.I.T.B. did good work in forming most of the city extensions such as: Jayanagar, Rajajinagar, Indiranagar, Vijayanagar, Basaveshwaranagar, Mahalakshmi Layout, Koramangala etc.

Earlier to it, the planning was done in piece meal by the Municipality whenever an extension was proposed.  Extensions such as: Chamarajapet, Visveswarapuram, Basavanagudi, Malleshwaram, Gandhinagar, etc., in the City area were formed by the City Municipality.  While the Frazer Town, Cox Town, Cooke Town, Richards Town, Langford Town were formed in the Cantonment area.

Later, during 1951, the Bangalore Development Committee was constituted by the Government under the Chairmanship of Sri N. Madhava Rau, former Dewan of Mysore State, to work out a Master Plan for Bangalore. The Plan prepared by this Committee was implemented by the C.I.T.B. for proposing extensions.

Subsequently, during early 1960’s the Government constituted the Bangalore Metropolitan Planning Board (B.M.P.B.) again under the Chairmanship of  Sri N. Madhava Rau, to prepare a Development Plan for the Metropolitan area of Bangalore.  Metropolitan area, is the influence area of the city for planned development of the city and its suburbs. Representatives of various agencies were members of the Board.  The Board prepared an Outline Development Plan (O.D.P.) of Bangalore Metropolitan area during 1965. This plan is implemented by the City Improvement Trust Board.

During the period from 1901 to 2011, the growth of area of Bangalore city increased from 20.48 Sq. KMs (during 1897) to around 712.54 Sq. KMs  (as of 2011).

While so, there were efforts at the National level to introduce Town and Country Planning Legislation in all the States for the planned development of urban areas.  In line with this, the Town and Country Planning Act, 1961 was enacted which came into force from 15.01.1965.  Accordingly, the Bangalore City Planning Authority was constituted under this Act and this has succeeded the Bangalore Metropolitan Planning Board for planning functions in Bangalore.  The City Planning Authority adopted the Outline Development Plan prepared by the B.M.P.B., and continued the planning functions.The Government finally approved the O.D.P. on 22/05/1972.

Subsequently, the Bangalore Development Authority Act, 1976 was enacted with effect from 20/12/1975 to combine the planning functions of the C.I.T.B., on the lines of the Delhi Development Authority.  The Bangalore Development Authority was constituted w.e.f. 15/11/1976. There was much expectation about the work of Bangalore Development Authority since it combined both the planning as well as development functions, but the citizens of Bangalore were disappointed as the Bangalore Development Authority could not able to achieve any progress which was mainly due to the problems created by the enactment of Urban Land Ceiling and Regulations Act, 1976.  During these years the problems of the City increased without formation of any new layouts.  The land values increased and the outmoded acquisition procedure was not effective.

The higher land values in Bangalore have resulted in intense development  in the built up area.  Introduction of mass rapid transit system and development of calm residential localities with approach from Metro / E.L.R.T.S. system will enable improvement of quality of life in Bangalore.

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Anekal
Bannerghatta Road
Devanahalli Road
Electronic City
Hosur Road
Indira Nagar
Kanakapura Road
Koramangala
Sarjapur Road
Vijayanagar
Whitefield